What Is Cataract?

Cataract, medically known as "katarakta," is an eye condition that causes clouding of the eye's lens, reducing visual clarity. It is commonly associated with aging but can also be influenced by other factors. Cataracts often lead to light sensitivity and impaired vision.

Causes of Cataracts

The primary cause of cataracts is aging, but other factors can contribute:

• Genetic Predisposition: Having a family history of cataracts increases the risk.
• Prolonged UV Exposure: Harmful UV rays from the sun can damage the eye lens.
• Diabetes: Cataracts are more common in individuals with diabetes.
• Eye Injuries: Trauma, especially those affecting the lens, can accelerate cataract development.
• Medication Use: Long-term use of certain medications, like steroids, may cause changes in the eye lens.

Symptoms of Cataracts

Cataract symptoms develop gradually and worsen over time. Common symptoms include:

• Blurred or cloudy vision
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Difficulty seeing at night
• Faded or dull colors
• Double vision (diplopia) in one or both eyes

Regular eye exams can detect these symptoms in the early stages, enabling timely treatment.

Cataract Treatment

Treatment for cataracts often requires surgery. The most effective method is surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial lens. Known as "cataract surgery," this procedure is quick and highly successful, allowing patients to resume normal life shortly after.

Cataract Prevention

While cataracts cannot be completely prevented, the risk can be minimized through these measures:

• Wearing sunglasses to protect the eyes from UV rays
• Maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants
• Managing diabetes and undergoing regular eye exams
• Protecting the eyes from injury

Cataracts are a serious eye condition often linked to aging. Timely diagnosis and treatment can restore vision. Regular visits to an ophthalmologist are crucial for maintaining eye health.